The second post in our ongoing Financial Literacy Series for Financial Literacy Month is about negative equity. We answer what you can do to protect yourself against it, how to identify it, and what comes next.

What is Negative Equity in a Car Loan?

The answer to this question is very succinct: Negative equity means owing more for a car than what it’s worth. How you get into negative equity is more complex.

How to Get into Negative Equity

Let's say you decide to buy a car you really like. If you take out a three-year loan, the monthly payments will be very high. If you take out an extended-term loan lasting between six and nine years, the monthly payments become more affordable. However, by the time you pay off your loan, your car’s value will depreciate significantly. If you plan to keep your vehicle for a long time, depreciation may not be a problem. Over time, your needs may change since you made your purchase. You may want to trade it in for another car before you’ve finished paying off the loan, resulting in heavy additional costs. Let’s take a closer look.

Recently a consumer named David wrote in to ask,  “I was planning to buy a used car, but my financing didn’t get approved, can I get my deposit back?"
There are two different financing situations that can affect whether or not David can get his money back.

There are some things which should last forever, like love, or a diamond ring, but a car payment is not one of them. Yet forever is how long it might feel if you take out an extended-term loan (e.g. 96 months), without educating yourself on the perils of negative equity—owing more for a car than it is worth.To avoid the pitfalls of an extended-term loan, consumers need to educate themselves and be honest about their needs and car-buying habits.

The majority of consumers borrow money for a vehicle purchase. Some choose to use a personal line of credit or arrange financing at their bank or credit union, but many have the dealer arrange the financing. This often makes sense—dealers have access to numerous lenders that may provide terms or rates unavailable elsewhere. But this doesn’t mean consumers shouldn’t carefully consider what is being offered and take steps to ensure they are getting the best possible finance rate and terms.

Buying a vehicle is a decision that should only be made after careful consideration, and for most consumers, one of those major considerations is how to finance the purchase.

The majority of consumers borrow money when buying a vehicle. Some choose to use a personal line of credit or arrange financing at their own bank or credit union, while many have the dealer arrange financing.

Having the dealer arrange financing often makes sense—dealers have access to numerous lenders that may provide terms or rates unavailable elsewhere. But this doesn’t mean consumers shouldn’t carefully consider what is being offered and take steps to ensure they are getting the best possible finance rate and terms.

Vehicles that would have been completely unaffordable two decades ago are now financially accessible. Many consumers can buy the car of their dreams, with no money down, for a monthly, bi-weekly (or even daily) payment that has somehow become “affordable.” But how? Did cars get cheaper? Are we all significantly wealthier? Or is something else at play?

When you owe more for a car than what it's worth, you have negative equity. Follow our infographic to find out how easily it can happen.

Ontario’s vehicle sales regulator is providing educational information and tips to consumers who are financing their next car-purchase. “Traditionally the most common source of complaints received by OMVIC relate to vehicle condition or contract cancellation” explained John Carmichael, OMVIC CEO and Registrar. “However we are noticing an increase in complaints specific to finance agreements; and in the past few years, this has led to a number of dealers facing charges or licence revocation.”